The faculty will cover management techniques for pre-existing astigmatism, with a focus on pre-operative diagnosis, patient selection, corneal marking techniques, surgical pearls, and available treatment options, including toric IOLs and nomograms. Recent advances, including posterior corneal astigmastim measurement and image guided axis marking for toric IOL implantation, will be presented.

Goals

at the end of this course you will know..

• the prevalence of astigmatism
• the difference between against-the-rule and with-the-rule astigmatism
• the cyclotorsion compensation with nomogram recommendations
• themain source of errors in IOL calculation
• the influence of the posterior cornea surface and its impact on preciseness of IOL power calculation
• the effect of IOL misaligment
• the high cylinder correction in refractive laser surgery and its impact on the outcome
• the impact and applications fields of topoguided treatments
• the definition of irregular corneas